According to Hinduism, Shiva, the destroyer of evil and sorrow, resides at the summit of a legendary mountain named Kailāśā. This Kailāśā is regarded in many sects of Hinduism as paradise, the ultimate destination of souls and the spiritual center of the world.
Some traditions also aver that the mountain is Shiva's linga and Lake Manasarowar below is the yoni of His consort. According to one description [citation needed] found in the Puranas, Mount Kailash is the center of the world, its four faces are made of crystal, ruby, gold, and lapis lazuli. It is the pillar of the world; is 84,000 leagues high; is the center of the world mandala; and is located at the heart of six mountain ranges symbolizing a lotus. The four rivers flowing from Kailash then flow to the four quarters of the world and divide the world into four regions.
The largest and most important rock-cut temple, Kailash Temple at Ellora,Maharashtra is named after Mount Kailash. Many of its sculptures and reliefs depict episodes relating to Shiva and Parvati, including the demon Ravana's attempt to shake Mount Kailash.
Every year, thousands make a pilgrimage to Kailash, following a tradition going back thousands of years. Pilgrims of several religions believe that circumambulating Mount Kailash on foot is a holy ritual that will bring good fortune. The peregrination is made in a clockwise direction by Hindus and Buddhists. Followers of the Jain and Bönpo religions circumambulate the mountain in a counterclockwise direction. The path around Mount Kailash is 52 km (32 mi) long.
Some pilgrims believe that the entire walk around Kailash should be made in a single day. This is not easy. A person in good shape walking fast would take perhaps 15 hours to complete the 52 km trek. Some of the devout do accomplish this feat, little daunted by the uneven terrain, altitude sickness and harsh conditions faced in the process. Indeed, other pilgrims venture a much more demanding regimen, performing body-length prostrations over the entire length of the circumambulation: The pilgrim bends down, kneels, prostrates full-length, makes a mark with his fingers, rises to his knees, prays, and then crawls forward on hands and knees to the mark made by his/her fingers before repeating the process. It requires at least four days of physical endurance to perform the circumambulation while following this regimen. The mountain is located in a particularly remote and inhospitable area of the Tibetan Himalayas. A few modern amenities, such as benches, resting places and refreshment kiosks, exist to aid the pilgrims in their devotions. According to all religions that revere the mountain, setting foot on its slopes is a dire sin. It is claimed that many people who ventured to defy the taboo have died in the process.
Location of Mt KailashFollowing the Chinese army entering Tibet in 1950, and political and border disturbances across the Chinese-Indian boundary, pilgrimage to the legendary abode of Lord Shiva was stopped from 1959 to 1980. Thereafter a limited number of Indian pilgrims have been allowed to visit the place, under the supervision of the Chinese and Indian governments either by a lengthy and hazardous trek over the Himalayan terrain, travel by land from Kathmandu or from Lhasa where flights from Kathmandu are available to Tibet and thereafter travel over the great Tibetan plateau (ranging 10,000 to 16,000 feet) by car. The journey takes four night stops, finally arriving at Tarchen (4600 m).
Walking around the holy mountain (a part of its official park) has to be done on foot or pony; it takes three days of trekking starting from a height of around 15,000 ft to crossing the Dolma pass (19,000 ft) and encamping for two nights en route. First, near the meadow of Dirapuk gompa—2 or 3 km before the pass and second, after crossing the pass and going downhill as far as possible (viewing Gauri Kund in the distance).
Saturday, August 11, 2007
Panchaboota Sthalam
Nature's five elements known as the Panchabootas - Wind, Water, Fire, Earth and Space. Lord Shiva epitomes these five elements.Srikalahasthi is in Andhra Pradhesh. All others are in Tamil Nadu.
• Sri Kalahasteeswarar, Kalahasti (Kattru / Wind):
Shrine of the Wind in Kalahasti near Tirupathi, is situated on the on the banks of the River Swarnamukhi.
• Ekambareswarar, Kanchipuram (Nillam/Earth):
Built by the Cholas, the shrine is the abode of Lord Shiva worshipped as the Parvathi Lingam, was later rebuilt by the Pallava kings.
• Natarajar, Chidambaram (Agayam / Space):
Nataraja is Lord Shiva in the Ananda Tandavam. Chidambara Rahasyam, the concept of nothingness (aroopam) is the speciality of this temple.
• Jumbukeswarar, Tiru Aanaikkaa (Neer / Water):
Dedicated to Water this temple is near Trichy and Srirangam; a natural spring is within the sanctum.
• Annamalaiyar, Thiruvannamalai (Neruppu / Fire):
The most revered Lord Shiva Temple in Tamil Nadu is seated on a hilltop.
• Sri Kalahasteeswarar, Kalahasti (Kattru / Wind):
Shrine of the Wind in Kalahasti near Tirupathi, is situated on the on the banks of the River Swarnamukhi.
• Ekambareswarar, Kanchipuram (Nillam/Earth):
Built by the Cholas, the shrine is the abode of Lord Shiva worshipped as the Parvathi Lingam, was later rebuilt by the Pallava kings.
• Natarajar, Chidambaram (Agayam / Space):
Nataraja is Lord Shiva in the Ananda Tandavam. Chidambara Rahasyam, the concept of nothingness (aroopam) is the speciality of this temple.
• Jumbukeswarar, Tiru Aanaikkaa (Neer / Water):
Dedicated to Water this temple is near Trichy and Srirangam; a natural spring is within the sanctum.
• Annamalaiyar, Thiruvannamalai (Neruppu / Fire):
The most revered Lord Shiva Temple in Tamil Nadu is seated on a hilltop.
Jyothirlingas
JYOTIRLINGA: THE STORY OF THE LIGHT
What is jyothirlinga ?
Worship of shivalinga is considered the prime worship for the devotees of Lord shiva. Worship of all other forms is considered secondary. The significance of the shivalinga is that It is the resplendent light (flame) form of the Supreme - solidified to make the worship of It easier. It represents the real nature of God - formless essentially and taking various forms as It wills. More details on the shiva linga significance could be found at Shaivam A Perspective.
This jyoti swarUpa of God exist in all the shivalinga forms, there are prominent abodes across Indian subcontinent, where It is in a splendid form. These are renowned as dvAdasa jyotir lingas or 12 jyotirlingas. These are held at much great esteem since the ancient pre-historic times. purANas talk in many sections as well as in detail about the glory of these abodes. Devotees have been getting pulled towards these kshetras due to the highly benevolent divine presence in these abodes, since ancient times.
The 12 jyothirlinga temples
There is an sanskrit shloka that lists the twelve jyotirlinga temples. (This and the complete dvAdasa jyotirlinga stotra could be found at
“Saurashtre Somanathamcha Srisaile Mallikarjunam
Ujjayinya Mahakalam Omkaramamaleswaram
Paralyam Vaidyanathancha Dakinyam Bheema Shankaram
Setu Bandhethu Ramesam, Nagesam Darukavane
Varanasyantu Vishwesam Tryambakam Gautameethate
Himalayetu Kedaaram, Ghrishnesamcha shivaalaye
Etani jyotirlingani, Saayam Praatah Patennarah
Sapta Janma Kritam pApam, Smaranena Vinashyati”
Mahadev, the Lord incorporates in Himself, the aura and the holiness of all the twelve JyotirLingas. The grandeur of these places is unique. Devotees line up in great numbers to take a look and get a Darshan of all the JyotirLingas.
Location of the jothirlinga temples
Two on the sea shore, three on river banks, four in the heights of the mountains and three in villages located in meadows; the twelve Jyotirlingas are spread out like this. Every place has been described in glorious words by many detailing the surroundings etc.
Those of us who go to these temples of Shubhankar Shankar- Jyoti-Sivasthan, receive the holy blessings of the Lord, and come back happy, peaceful and blessed. This in indeed depends on one’s devotion and experience too.
Somnath in Saurashtra (Guj)
Mallikarjun in Srisailam (A.P.)
Mahakaleshwar in Ujjain (M.P.)
Omkareshwar in Shivpuri / mAmaleswara (M.P.)
Vaidyanath in Parali (Mah)
Nageswar in Darukavanam
Kedareswar in Kedarnath / Himalayas (Utt)
Tryambakeswar in Nasik (Mah)
Rameshwar in Setubandanam / Rameshwaram (T.N.)
Bhimashankar in Dakini (Mah)
Visweswar in Varanasi (U.P.) and
Ghrishneswar in Devasrovar (Mah).
Those who chant the Dwadasa JyotirLinga Stotram or prayer will attain salvation and enlightenment and be released from this cycle of human existence with all its travails. By worshipping the Lingas, people of all castes, creeds and colour would be freed from all difficulties. By eating the holy offering made to these Lingas (Naivedyam) one would be rid of all the sins instantly.
As a matter of fact, we do the Darshan of the JyoritLingas as a part of our daily life. Sun, Fire and Light etc., are indeed a part of that great Light. “Om tatsavituvarenye” these magical words of the Gayatri mantra or chant invoke this Supreme light only. By chanting this powerful Mantra, humans can obtain divine power to their life-light or Atmajyothi.
The aura of the Sun rays and the various benefits that can be derived there from is indeed a difficult task to describe. This gorgeous life-light is the only thing that is responsible for the activity in the universe. We salute this life force.
“Agni” or fire is a great light. For all the activities on the earth, “Fire” is the pivot.
Deepajyoti or light and its greatness, is known to all of us, and we offer our prayers. Let us celebrate the glory of light. Light is offered a place of pride at welcome celebrations and on all auspicious occasions.
“Shubham karoti kalyanam Arogyam DhanasampadaShatru buddhi vinashaya Deepa Jyoti namostute”
This light removes the darkness from the lives of one and all. Darkness means ignorance and it is destroyed by this light. The natured light of God makes all our wishes come true, when we take a Darshan of it.
Thus, by taking a Darshan of these twelve JyotirLingas, the auspicious air surrounding them and the holy pilgrimage, will bring happiness, peace and satisfaction to all.
What is jyothirlinga ?
Worship of shivalinga is considered the prime worship for the devotees of Lord shiva. Worship of all other forms is considered secondary. The significance of the shivalinga is that It is the resplendent light (flame) form of the Supreme - solidified to make the worship of It easier. It represents the real nature of God - formless essentially and taking various forms as It wills. More details on the shiva linga significance could be found at Shaivam A Perspective.
This jyoti swarUpa of God exist in all the shivalinga forms, there are prominent abodes across Indian subcontinent, where It is in a splendid form. These are renowned as dvAdasa jyotir lingas or 12 jyotirlingas. These are held at much great esteem since the ancient pre-historic times. purANas talk in many sections as well as in detail about the glory of these abodes. Devotees have been getting pulled towards these kshetras due to the highly benevolent divine presence in these abodes, since ancient times.
The 12 jyothirlinga temples
There is an sanskrit shloka that lists the twelve jyotirlinga temples. (This and the complete dvAdasa jyotirlinga stotra could be found at
“Saurashtre Somanathamcha Srisaile Mallikarjunam
Ujjayinya Mahakalam Omkaramamaleswaram
Paralyam Vaidyanathancha Dakinyam Bheema Shankaram
Setu Bandhethu Ramesam, Nagesam Darukavane
Varanasyantu Vishwesam Tryambakam Gautameethate
Himalayetu Kedaaram, Ghrishnesamcha shivaalaye
Etani jyotirlingani, Saayam Praatah Patennarah
Sapta Janma Kritam pApam, Smaranena Vinashyati”
Mahadev, the Lord incorporates in Himself, the aura and the holiness of all the twelve JyotirLingas. The grandeur of these places is unique. Devotees line up in great numbers to take a look and get a Darshan of all the JyotirLingas.
Location of the jothirlinga temples
Two on the sea shore, three on river banks, four in the heights of the mountains and three in villages located in meadows; the twelve Jyotirlingas are spread out like this. Every place has been described in glorious words by many detailing the surroundings etc.
Those of us who go to these temples of Shubhankar Shankar- Jyoti-Sivasthan, receive the holy blessings of the Lord, and come back happy, peaceful and blessed. This in indeed depends on one’s devotion and experience too.
Somnath in Saurashtra (Guj)
Mallikarjun in Srisailam (A.P.)
Mahakaleshwar in Ujjain (M.P.)
Omkareshwar in Shivpuri / mAmaleswara (M.P.)
Vaidyanath in Parali (Mah)
Nageswar in Darukavanam
Kedareswar in Kedarnath / Himalayas (Utt)
Tryambakeswar in Nasik (Mah)
Rameshwar in Setubandanam / Rameshwaram (T.N.)
Bhimashankar in Dakini (Mah)
Visweswar in Varanasi (U.P.) and
Ghrishneswar in Devasrovar (Mah).
Those who chant the Dwadasa JyotirLinga Stotram or prayer will attain salvation and enlightenment and be released from this cycle of human existence with all its travails. By worshipping the Lingas, people of all castes, creeds and colour would be freed from all difficulties. By eating the holy offering made to these Lingas (Naivedyam) one would be rid of all the sins instantly.
As a matter of fact, we do the Darshan of the JyoritLingas as a part of our daily life. Sun, Fire and Light etc., are indeed a part of that great Light. “Om tatsavituvarenye” these magical words of the Gayatri mantra or chant invoke this Supreme light only. By chanting this powerful Mantra, humans can obtain divine power to their life-light or Atmajyothi.
The aura of the Sun rays and the various benefits that can be derived there from is indeed a difficult task to describe. This gorgeous life-light is the only thing that is responsible for the activity in the universe. We salute this life force.
“Agni” or fire is a great light. For all the activities on the earth, “Fire” is the pivot.
Deepajyoti or light and its greatness, is known to all of us, and we offer our prayers. Let us celebrate the glory of light. Light is offered a place of pride at welcome celebrations and on all auspicious occasions.
“Shubham karoti kalyanam Arogyam DhanasampadaShatru buddhi vinashaya Deepa Jyoti namostute”
This light removes the darkness from the lives of one and all. Darkness means ignorance and it is destroyed by this light. The natured light of God makes all our wishes come true, when we take a Darshan of it.
Thus, by taking a Darshan of these twelve JyotirLingas, the auspicious air surrounding them and the holy pilgrimage, will bring happiness, peace and satisfaction to all.
Rameshwaram
Rameshwaram is an island situated in the gulf of manner at the very tip of the Indian peninsula. A very important pilgrim centre of the Indians. Rameshwaram is the place from where Lord Rama, built a bridge across the sea to rescue his consort Sita, from her abductor, Ravana. This is also the place where Rama worshipped Lord Shiva to cleanse away the sin of killing Ravana. Both the Vaishnavites and Shaivites visit this pilgrimage which is known as the Varanasi the south. Rameshwaram is significant for the Hindus as a pilgrimage to Benaras is incomplete without a Pilgrimage to Rameshwaram. The presiding deity is the Linga Of Sri Ranganatha, which happens to be one of the twelve Jyotirlingas of India. Rameshwaram is also popularly referred to as the 'Benaras of the south'. In order to attain Moksha it is believed that the visit to Rameshwaram is mandatory.
Mythological History According to the Hindu mythology i.e. the story of Ramayana Lord Rama performed thanksgiving rituals to Lord Rama after the battle at Sri Lanka and his triumph over the demon king Ravana. Owing to this Rameshwaram attracts Vaishnavites (worshippers of Lord Vishnu) and Saivites (worshippers of Lord Shiva) alike. Sri Lanka is at a distance of 24 kilometers from Rameshwaram. In fact the entire area of Rameshwaram is associated with various incidents from the Ramayana. Rameshwaram happens to one of the most visited pilgrim sites in India.
Location and Area The religious island is spread in an area of 61.8 square kilometers and happens to be in the shape of a conch. The Ramanatha Swamy Temple occupies major area of Rameshwaram. The masterpiece of Dravidian architecture boasts of the largest temple corridor in India. Different rulers built the Ramanatha Swamy Temple over a period of time starting from the 12th century. The temple comprises of twenty-two wells where the taste of the water of each well is different from the other.
Mythological History According to the Hindu mythology i.e. the story of Ramayana Lord Rama performed thanksgiving rituals to Lord Rama after the battle at Sri Lanka and his triumph over the demon king Ravana. Owing to this Rameshwaram attracts Vaishnavites (worshippers of Lord Vishnu) and Saivites (worshippers of Lord Shiva) alike. Sri Lanka is at a distance of 24 kilometers from Rameshwaram. In fact the entire area of Rameshwaram is associated with various incidents from the Ramayana. Rameshwaram happens to one of the most visited pilgrim sites in India.
Location and Area The religious island is spread in an area of 61.8 square kilometers and happens to be in the shape of a conch. The Ramanatha Swamy Temple occupies major area of Rameshwaram. The masterpiece of Dravidian architecture boasts of the largest temple corridor in India. Different rulers built the Ramanatha Swamy Temple over a period of time starting from the 12th century. The temple comprises of twenty-two wells where the taste of the water of each well is different from the other.
Friday, August 10, 2007
Thiruvannamalai
Annamalai Temple Arunachala Hill Annamalai Temple the famous shrine of Tamilnadu, home of Lord Siva called "Arunachaleswar ". The Goddess (termed by us as 'Ambaal') here is "UNNAMULAI AMMAN".
Annamalai Temple is an living symbol of ancient Tamil architecture. The 11 tiered East Rajagopuram towers to a height of 217 feet, while the fortified walls pierced with 4 tower entrances offer a formidable look to this vast temple complex . The Pei Gopuram, Tirumanjana Gopuram and Ammanaiammal gopuram are the other three. The 1000 pillared hall and the temple tank were built by Krishna Deva Rayarar of Vijayanagar. Each of the prakarams has a huge Nandi and several towers such as the Vallala Maharaja Gopuram and Kili Gopuram.
Annamalai Shadus Flock of saffron-robed sadhus (saints who perceive nothing) hovering along a wall in the temple of Arunachaleswar at Tiruvannamalai. Some were smeared with ash as a sign of their abandonment of the material world. Others had confined themselves to elaborate tika (the one you can see on Siva lingam) marks on their foreheads. Many of those sadhus are bald, polished head, long white beard, a tiny bag that contains all of their worldly possessions, and the kind of giggly sense of humor that seems obligatory for Indians of a philosophical bent. Many of them took sanyasam (leaving all the possessions and belongings) in search of enlightenment and alms to understand the phallus of GOD.
Every full moon day (Girivalam day) this shrine becomes very busy and crowded by convergence of devotees from all all over south India to worship the Annamalai. On top of arunachala mountain a pillar of flame has been constructed to represent the flame penetrating the dark sky.
Hall of Pillars at Annamalai Temple The cavernous and crumbling edifice thousand Pillars hall is a wonder of Dravidian architecture filled with statues and paintings like an ancient Egyptian temple. The wall and each pillar of the hall are swarmed with relief of dancing girls, rearing horsemen, teeth-gnashing guardians, images of Ganesh, the chubby elephant god, and rampant lions with penises. The entourage of Parvathi is headed towards the statue of Shiva at the far end of the temple escorted by band of musicians, she is carried aloft by four priests. Other Prominence of Tiruvannamalai Temple Like the Sacrosanct City Madurai, there is 1000 pillared hall here also built by Krishnadeva Rayar of Vijayanagar. Every Prakaaram of the temple consists of a very huge Nandi. There is a beautiful temple of Goddess Kaliamman called Mathura Kaaliamman Temple, which is a must-see for the tourists. Ramana Maharshi (Saint) Ashram, Raaghavendra Swamy Shrine, the Seshadri Swamigal’s holy Ashram are some of the prehistoric places and a requirement for the tourists to see when take up the GiriValam Path.Location of the Annamalai Temple The temple is located on the Villupuram - Katpadi Railroad and is about 65 kilometers from Villupuram and is about 90 - kilometres form Katpadi. The town is well connected from Chennai and frequent bus services are available, one through Chengleput, Madurantakam, Tindivanam and Gingee, and the other through Sri Perumbudur, Kancheepuram, Vellore and Polur. The town is about 90 kms from Vellore, 60 kms from Tindivanam, 60 kms from Villupuram and 100 kms from Krishnagiri. The town also has a helipad so as to enbale devotees to reach it from Chennai and other cities. The temple authorities have provided accommodation at nominal cost for the benefit of the devotees. The rent for Rest Houses is Rs.200 and Rs.150 per day. The rent for rooms at Appar Illam is Rs.100 per day. The rent for rooms at Unnamalai Amman Rest House is Rs.100/-(Double room) and Rs.50/- (Single room) per day. Apart from this, private accommodation is available in and around the temple.
Annamalai Temple is an living symbol of ancient Tamil architecture. The 11 tiered East Rajagopuram towers to a height of 217 feet, while the fortified walls pierced with 4 tower entrances offer a formidable look to this vast temple complex . The Pei Gopuram, Tirumanjana Gopuram and Ammanaiammal gopuram are the other three. The 1000 pillared hall and the temple tank were built by Krishna Deva Rayarar of Vijayanagar. Each of the prakarams has a huge Nandi and several towers such as the Vallala Maharaja Gopuram and Kili Gopuram.
Annamalai Shadus Flock of saffron-robed sadhus (saints who perceive nothing) hovering along a wall in the temple of Arunachaleswar at Tiruvannamalai. Some were smeared with ash as a sign of their abandonment of the material world. Others had confined themselves to elaborate tika (the one you can see on Siva lingam) marks on their foreheads. Many of those sadhus are bald, polished head, long white beard, a tiny bag that contains all of their worldly possessions, and the kind of giggly sense of humor that seems obligatory for Indians of a philosophical bent. Many of them took sanyasam (leaving all the possessions and belongings) in search of enlightenment and alms to understand the phallus of GOD.
Every full moon day (Girivalam day) this shrine becomes very busy and crowded by convergence of devotees from all all over south India to worship the Annamalai. On top of arunachala mountain a pillar of flame has been constructed to represent the flame penetrating the dark sky.
Hall of Pillars at Annamalai Temple The cavernous and crumbling edifice thousand Pillars hall is a wonder of Dravidian architecture filled with statues and paintings like an ancient Egyptian temple. The wall and each pillar of the hall are swarmed with relief of dancing girls, rearing horsemen, teeth-gnashing guardians, images of Ganesh, the chubby elephant god, and rampant lions with penises. The entourage of Parvathi is headed towards the statue of Shiva at the far end of the temple escorted by band of musicians, she is carried aloft by four priests. Other Prominence of Tiruvannamalai Temple Like the Sacrosanct City Madurai, there is 1000 pillared hall here also built by Krishnadeva Rayar of Vijayanagar. Every Prakaaram of the temple consists of a very huge Nandi. There is a beautiful temple of Goddess Kaliamman called Mathura Kaaliamman Temple, which is a must-see for the tourists. Ramana Maharshi (Saint) Ashram, Raaghavendra Swamy Shrine, the Seshadri Swamigal’s holy Ashram are some of the prehistoric places and a requirement for the tourists to see when take up the GiriValam Path.Location of the Annamalai Temple The temple is located on the Villupuram - Katpadi Railroad and is about 65 kilometers from Villupuram and is about 90 - kilometres form Katpadi. The town is well connected from Chennai and frequent bus services are available, one through Chengleput, Madurantakam, Tindivanam and Gingee, and the other through Sri Perumbudur, Kancheepuram, Vellore and Polur. The town is about 90 kms from Vellore, 60 kms from Tindivanam, 60 kms from Villupuram and 100 kms from Krishnagiri. The town also has a helipad so as to enbale devotees to reach it from Chennai and other cities. The temple authorities have provided accommodation at nominal cost for the benefit of the devotees. The rent for Rest Houses is Rs.200 and Rs.150 per day. The rent for rooms at Appar Illam is Rs.100 per day. The rent for rooms at Unnamalai Amman Rest House is Rs.100/-(Double room) and Rs.50/- (Single room) per day. Apart from this, private accommodation is available in and around the temple.
Thursday, August 9, 2007
Amarnath
"The Himalayan pilgrimages are the oldest organised travel system, evolved over time by Hindu sages and embodying the spirit of wander, adventure and spirituality" Shiva, in the form of a lingam, is formed naturally of an ice - stalagmite One of the holy trinity, Shiva is a living god. The most ancient and sacred book of India, the Rig Veda evokes his presence in its hymns. Vedic myths, ritual and even astronomy testify to his existence from the dawn of time. Shiva is known to have made his home in the Himalayas. He built no house nor shelter, not for himself or his bride. He was an ascetic, and yet married; he could be both for "he was the wild god sporting in the forest or taking his ease on a cloud." Legend has it that Shiva recounted to Parvati the secret of creation in the Amarnathji cave. Unknown to them, a pair of mating pigeons eavesdropped on this conversation and having learned the secret, are reborn again and again, and have made the cave their eternal abode. Many pilgrims report seeing the pigeons-pair when they trek the arduous route to pay obeisance before the ice-lingam (the phallic symbol of Shiva).
Kedarnath
Kedarnath is amongst the holiest pilgrimages for the devout Hindu. It is set amidst the stunning mountainscape of the Garhwal Himalayas at the head of the Mandakini River. Kedar is another name of lord Shiva, the protector & the destroyer. Shiva is considered the embodiment of all passions - love, hatred, fear, death & mysticism which are expressed through his various forms.
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